Which Laws are Lawful and Which are Not?
When searching for evidence of lawful, or legal, or obligatory taxation by any form of government organized by men, consider the author's note at the bottom of this page after perusing this article's content.
Consider the effort in pursuit of tax evasion, or elimination, or reduction, or justification, or the better method: utilizing what has been enacted by law to navigate the tax code honorably and correctly.
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"Both in Roman and English law there are certain obligations which were not in truth contractual, but which the law treats as if they were. They are contractual in law, but not in fact, being the subject-matter of a fictitious extension of the sphere of contract to cover obligations which do not in reality fall within it." Salmond, Salmond on Jurisprudence, p. 642 (9th Edition, 1937, Sweet & Maxwell, Ltd. England).
(for clarity, please read this page at least in its entirety, while considering the source, year of publication, and it's context)
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"Constructive/quasi contracts are based solely upon a legal fiction or fiction of law." Hill v. Waxberg, 237 F. 2d 936.
(for clarity, please search this statement, while considering the source, year of publication, and it's context)
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"It is a well settled rule of law that he who seeks benefits of contract must also assume burdens." Higgins v. Monckton (1938), 28 C.A. 2d 723, 83 P. 2d 516.
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"A quasi contractual action presupposes acceptance and retention of a benefit by one party with full appreciation of the facts, under circumstances making it inequitable for him to retain the benefit without payment of its reasonable value." Major-Blakeney Co. v. Jenkins (1953), 121 C.A. 2d 325, 263 P. 2d 655, hear den.; Townsend Pierson, Inc. v. Holly-Coleman Co. (1960), 178 C.A. 2d 373, 2 Cal. Rptr. 812.
(for clarity, please search this statement, while considering the source, year of publication, and it's context)
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"Existence of implied contract is usually a question of fact for trial court." Caron v. Andrew (1955), 133 C.A. 2d 412, 284 P. 2d 550; Bolster (C. F.) Co. v. Boespflug (J. C.) Construction Co. (1959), 167 C.A. 2d 143, 334 P. 2d 247.
(for clarity, please read this page at least in its entirety, while considering the source, year of publication, and it's context)
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"Voluntary acceptance of benefit of transaction is equivalent to consent to all obligations arising from it, so far as facts are known, or ought to be known, to person accepting." Northern Assurance Co. v. Stout (1911), 16 C.A. 548, 117 P. 617.
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"Constructive/quasi contracts include obligations founded on statutory duties." Donovan v. Kansas City, 175 S. W. 2d 874; In Re United Burton Co., 140 F. 495, 502.
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"Persons dealing with government are charged with knowing government statutes and regulations, and they assume the risk that government agents may exceed their authority and provide misinformation“ Lavin v. Marsh, 644 F. 2nd 1378, 9th Cir., (1981)
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"All persons in the United States are chargeable with knowledge of the Statutes-at-Large. It is well established that anyone who deals with the government assumes the risk that the agent acting in the government's behalf has exceeded the bounds of his authority." Bollow v. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 650 F. 2d 1093, 9th Cir., (1981)
(for clarity, please read this page at least in its entirety, while considering the source, year of publication, and it's context)
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"Persons who are not taxpayers are not within the system and can obtain no benefit by following the procedures prescribed for taxpayers, such as the filing of claims for refunds." Economy Plumbing and Heating v. U.S., 470 F. 2d 585 (Ct. Cl. 1972)
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"The revenue laws are a code or a system in regulation of tax assessment and collection. They relate to taxpayers, and not to non-taxpayers. The latter are without their scope. No procedures are prescribed for non-taxpayers, and no attempt is made to annul any of their rights and remedies in due course of law. With them Congress does not assume to deal, and they are neither the subject nor the object of the revenue laws.“ Long v. Rasmussen, 281 F. 236, at 238
(for clarity, please read this page at least in its entirety, while considering the source, year of publication, and it's context)
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". . . (E)very taxpayer is a cestui que trust having sufficient interest in the preventing abuse of the trust to be recognized in the field of this court's prerogative jurisdiction . . . " In Re Bolens (1912), 135 N.W. 164.
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"Taxpayers are not [de jure] State Citizens." Belmont v. Town of Gulfport, 122 So. 10.
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"Slater's protestations to the effect that he derives no benefit from the United States government have no bearing on his legal obligation to pay income taxes. Cook v. Tait, 265 U.S. 47, 44 S. Ct. 444, 68 L.Ed. 895 (1924); Benitez Rexach v. United States, 390 F.2d 631, (1st Circ.), cert. denied 393 U.S. 833, 89 S.Ct. 103, 21 L. Ed. 2d 103 (1968). . . Unless the defendant can establish that he is not a citizen of the United States, the IRS possesses authority to attempt to determine his federal tax liability." United States of America v. William M. Slater (1982) (D. Delaware) 545 F. Supp 179, 182.
(for clarity, please search this statement, while considering the source, year of publication, and it's context)
Author's Note:
The way to reduce or eliminate a tax burden of any kind is to utilize what has been offered by governments of men to lawfully do so.
Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established. The authorities that exist have been established by God.
Consequently, whoever rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. For rulers hold no terror for those who do right, but for those who do wrong. Do you want to be free from fear of the one in authority? Then do what is right and you will be commended. For the one in authority is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for rulers do not bear the sword for no reason. They are God’s servants, agents of wrath to bring punishment on the wrongdoer. Therefore, it is necessary to submit to the authorities, not only because of possible punishment but also as a matter of conscience.
This is also why you pay taxes, for the authorities are God’s servants, who give their full time to governing. Give to everyone what you owe them: If you owe taxes, pay taxes; if revenue, then revenue; if respect, then respect; if honor, then honor.
- Romans 13: 1-7Review several trust methods and / or several corporate methods.
Learn to work honorably with government for your benefit.
Learn to invoke your God-gifted rights and cite where they are mentioned / acknowledged by the governments of men.
God has already provided, and people and resource management is for the wise.
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